characterize the types of isomers

those chemical compounds with equal molecular formula (chemical formula undeveloped) equal relative proportions of the atoms making up the molecule, have different chemical structures, and therefore different properties. Such compounds are termed isomers.

• Funcional group isomerism Here, the different atom connectivity, can generate different functional groups in the chain.

• Isomerism compensation or compensation Sometimes it is called isomerism compensation or metamerism of those compounds which function a short carbon chain portions of different lengths

• Structural isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but the atoms are linked in a different order.

• Stereoisomers: are molecules that have the same connections atom by atom, but differ in the spatial orientation thereof.

Likewise, if they are plotted on a plane. It is necessary to represent them in space to visualize the differences. They can be of two types: conformational isomerism and configurational isomerism, as the isomers can be converted into one another by simple rotation or simple links.

• Enantiomers: they are mirror image stereoisomers nonsuperimposable (each is the mirror image of the other, but may not overlap in space)

• Diastereoisomers: the opposite enantiomers: stereoisomers that have a mirror not including image.

• configurational isomerism

Not just a simple rotation to convert one form to another and although the spatial arrangement is the same, are not interconvertible isomers. It is divided into: geometrical isomerism or cis-trans isomerism and optical:

• Geometrical isomerism or cis-trans

No geometrical isomerism linked to the triple or single bonds is presented.
At two possibilities they are called:

1. cis (or Z form), with the two bulkier substituents on the same side, and
2. trans (or E form), with the two bulkier substituents on opposite positions.

• optical isomerism

• Two enantiomers of a generic amino acid

When a compound has at least one asymmetric carbon atom or chiral, that is, a carbon atom with four different substituents, two different varieties called optical stereoisomers, enantiomers, enantiomorphic forms or chiral forms can be formed, although all atoms are in the same position and similarly linked